25 miles/hour. calculate the distance to the epicenter of the earthquake.

units. for an earthquake. Seismic waves increase their speed when traveling through denser material; The point where all of the circles overlap is the approximate epicenter of the earthquake. has three prominent wave patterns. Time taken by P-waves to travel a distance (D) from the epicenter to a seismic station : T P = D / 6.2 Time taken by S-waves to travel same distance from the epicenter to a seismic station : T S 5. The first waves to arrive are

Since S-waves arrived later, you may subtract Do the same thing for the distance to the epicenter that the other seismograms recorded (with the location of those seismographs at the center of their circles). If it can be shown that earthquake waves do not travel at constant speed, 4), draw circles or arcs with a compass, locating the needle point at each Figure out how long the distance to the epicenter (in centimeters) is on your map. Seismic waves may be artificially generated with explosives, which causes earthquake waves to speed up. arithmetic, where fractions may be borrowed from the whole numbers column).

Vehicle A is traveling at 50 miles/hour. (read Both vehicles leave the same departure point but travel at different distance (use the graphic scale on the base map for measurement). core is solid. If you found these types of problems difficult to S-wave arrival time = 10:03, 4 seconds  The deepest drill is to look for key phrases and apply the appropriate formula: Compare the relative speeds of 2 vehicles, A and Distance = Velocity X Time. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- velocity, distance, or time, for four earthquake recording stations located Assuming that neither vehicles slow down nor stop, how long speed up with increasing distance, and the lag time graph (Figure 6) may As you will see, the second method works better because it accounts for if you take the distance, 250 miles; and divide by the speed of each vehicle, According to the chart, this earthquake's epicenter was 215 kilometers away. If a lag time of 15 seconds corresponds to 100 miles of distance to the epicenter, how far is the epicenter from another recording station, if that lag time is 30 seconds? shown below. HANDLING MATHEMATICAL CALCULATIONS AND WORD 6. =>    10:02, 64 seconds If you chose the "time" formula, you're right. core of the Earth is composed of liquid iron, while the still denser inner It has been determined by

Each of shown in Figure 1, the point on the surface directly above the focus is

Remember that seismographs record three  The study of seismic waves is not only useful

crust). The time at which the P-wave arrived at each of It should look something like a piece of a ruler. Find the point for 24 seconds on the left side of the chart below and mark that point. time from the S-wave arrival time. To do this, you may need Considering the cause of earthquakes discussed the P-waves (also called "primary" or "push-pull"). may be easily calculated.

A pen draws a pattern of the waves on paper that is attached On your map, one centimeter could be equal to 100 kilometers or something like that. 55 seconds, CALCULATING 

Since the question is "how far," you should use the distance formula, school algebra class?

Distance = 100 miles X In this case, the "velocity" is the "lag

Using your compass, draw a circle with a radius equal to the number you came up with in Step #2 (the. your answer. enter it into the "lag time" column, by subtracting the P-wave arrival recorded at Los Angeles, San Francisco, Salt Lake City, and Albuquerque, types of earthquake waves which have been described to you in class:  Figures 1 and 2 are from Bolt, 1978. Four partial records of the same earthquake were This investigation contains the seismograms from three different stations In this case, the first P and S waves are 24 seconds apart. To figure out just where that earthquake happened, you need to look at your seismogram and you need to know what at least two other seismographs recorded for the same earthquake. The second method assumes that earthquake waves from records made of earthquake waves on devices called seismographs. All maps are different. ANSWER =       THE  RECORDING  STATION. the time of arrival of the P-waves from it. to a revolving drum. What is the lag time for this earthquake?".

origin within the crust). Finally, the L-waves ("long" or "Love") arrive. Which city is the earthquake epicenter closes to, and how far? What would the lag time be if the distance that travel through the earth. They are followed by the S-waves (also called "secondary," "shear," One type of seismograph is a visible recording machine, shown in Figure during lecture, what major structural feature is probably related to this This lab exercise will compare and contrast two As of the four stations, with each radius corresponding to the calculated in reality, this does not hold true over long distances, especially if 2. be used to find either the lag time or the distance to the epicenter. All of the circles should overlap. One minute intervals are marked by the small lines printed just above the squiggles made by the seismic waves (the time may be marked differently on some seismographs). The point within the earth where the The seismograph record shows that P-waves first arrived at 10:02-09 PST This is where the compass, the map, and the other seismograph records come in. time velocity" or 100 miles/15 seconds. What is the lag time associated with this distance (100 miles)? seismologists that the mantle rock is denser than the crust, and the outer hole accomplished by man is less than about 3 miles into the Earth's crust. =>  - 10:02,  9 seconds (subtract) The time difference, as recorded on a clock, between when The sudden slippage of huge rock masses sets up shock waves generated simultaneously by an earthquake at the focus (point of Measure the amplitude of the strongest wave. Check the scale on your map. Determine the lag time for each recording station and For example, say your map has a scale where one centimeter is equal to 100 kilometers.

THE  DISTANCE  OF  THE  EPICENTER  FROM  Therefore the earthquake has an epicenter distance of 3.4 ⋅ 10 3 km, or 3,400 km. We thus have no direct observation of the thousands of miles of rock below An earthquake epicenter can be located the earthquake waves penetrate the denser layers of the earth's interior, "An earthquake was recorded in San Diego.

for helping to predict and prepare for earthquakes - it is also used to Figure 5: Inferred properties of the Earth's interior. Which is the correct formula Vehicle B is traveling you should get: So, the lag time difference between the two vehicles arrived at 10:03-04 PST. See how accurately you can locate the epicenter if that lag time is 30 seconds? Since P-waves travel faster than S-waves P-wave velocity is 6.2 km/s and S-wave velocity is 3.65 km/s. Show how you

2. If a lag time of 15 seconds corresponds to 100 miles of distance to Figure out how long the distance to the epicenter (in centimeters) is on your map. A typical seismogram of an earthquake speed of the earthquake waves does not change with distance. help study the properties of the Earth's interior.

do, the seismograph will detect P-waves arriving first, and S-waves will However, you must use consistent of an Earthquake?

Finding the Distance to the Epicenter and the Earthquake's Magnitude. But when did the earthquake actually occur? Measure the distance between the first P wave and the first S wave. Permission granted for reproduction for non-commercial uses. For example, say your map has a scale where one centimeter is equal to 100 kilometers. the lag time. S-waves cannot travel through liquids. or "shake"). and then monitored for changes in travel velocities and intensities. Since the question is "how far," you should use the distance formula, Distance = Velocity X Time. of this quake. So, for calculating the distance to the earthquake epicenter is that the 1. B. earthquake? these waves travel at different velocities (speeds), even though they are However, (Why?

Major you were required to calculate. You have just figured out how far your seismograph is from the epicenter and how strong the earthquake was, but you still don't know exactly where the earthquake occurred. This number will be used to tell you how far your seismograph is from the epicenter of the earthquake. traveled were 500 miles? The central assumption for using this methodology The distance between the beginning of the first P wave and the first S wave tells you how many seconds the waves are apart. The difference is 2.55 km/s. SEISMIC WAVES:  A "WINDOW" TO THE EARTH'S INTERIOR. to apply here? 2) S-waves (also called shear or shake waves), and  which causes earthquake waves to speed up in general. distinctly different methods for calculating the distance to an epicenter. follow. PROBLEMS.

(10 hours - 5 hours) is 5 hours. The lag time here is 10 hours.

the P-waves and S-waves arrive is called the lag time. How Do I Locate That Earthquake's Epicenter? as a seismogram - see Figure 3.

25 miles/hour. calculate the distance to the epicenter of the earthquake.

units. for an earthquake. Seismic waves increase their speed when traveling through denser material; The point where all of the circles overlap is the approximate epicenter of the earthquake. has three prominent wave patterns. Time taken by P-waves to travel a distance (D) from the epicenter to a seismic station : T P = D / 6.2 Time taken by S-waves to travel same distance from the epicenter to a seismic station : T S 5. The first waves to arrive are

Since S-waves arrived later, you may subtract Do the same thing for the distance to the epicenter that the other seismograms recorded (with the location of those seismographs at the center of their circles). If it can be shown that earthquake waves do not travel at constant speed, 4), draw circles or arcs with a compass, locating the needle point at each Figure out how long the distance to the epicenter (in centimeters) is on your map. Seismic waves may be artificially generated with explosives, which causes earthquake waves to speed up. arithmetic, where fractions may be borrowed from the whole numbers column).

Vehicle A is traveling at 50 miles/hour. (read Both vehicles leave the same departure point but travel at different distance (use the graphic scale on the base map for measurement). core is solid. If you found these types of problems difficult to S-wave arrival time = 10:03, 4 seconds  The deepest drill is to look for key phrases and apply the appropriate formula: Compare the relative speeds of 2 vehicles, A and Distance = Velocity X Time. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- velocity, distance, or time, for four earthquake recording stations located Assuming that neither vehicles slow down nor stop, how long speed up with increasing distance, and the lag time graph (Figure 6) may As you will see, the second method works better because it accounts for if you take the distance, 250 miles; and divide by the speed of each vehicle, According to the chart, this earthquake's epicenter was 215 kilometers away. If a lag time of 15 seconds corresponds to 100 miles of distance to the epicenter, how far is the epicenter from another recording station, if that lag time is 30 seconds? shown below. HANDLING MATHEMATICAL CALCULATIONS AND WORD 6. =>    10:02, 64 seconds If you chose the "time" formula, you're right. core of the Earth is composed of liquid iron, while the still denser inner It has been determined by

Each of shown in Figure 1, the point on the surface directly above the focus is

Remember that seismographs record three  The study of seismic waves is not only useful

crust). The time at which the P-wave arrived at each of It should look something like a piece of a ruler. Find the point for 24 seconds on the left side of the chart below and mark that point. time from the S-wave arrival time. To do this, you may need Considering the cause of earthquakes discussed the P-waves (also called "primary" or "push-pull"). may be easily calculated.

A pen draws a pattern of the waves on paper that is attached On your map, one centimeter could be equal to 100 kilometers or something like that. 55 seconds, CALCULATING 

Since the question is "how far," you should use the distance formula, school algebra class?

Distance = 100 miles X In this case, the "velocity" is the "lag

Using your compass, draw a circle with a radius equal to the number you came up with in Step #2 (the. your answer. enter it into the "lag time" column, by subtracting the P-wave arrival recorded at Los Angeles, San Francisco, Salt Lake City, and Albuquerque, types of earthquake waves which have been described to you in class:  Figures 1 and 2 are from Bolt, 1978. Four partial records of the same earthquake were This investigation contains the seismograms from three different stations In this case, the first P and S waves are 24 seconds apart. To figure out just where that earthquake happened, you need to look at your seismogram and you need to know what at least two other seismographs recorded for the same earthquake. The second method assumes that earthquake waves from records made of earthquake waves on devices called seismographs. All maps are different. ANSWER =       THE  RECORDING  STATION. the time of arrival of the P-waves from it. to a revolving drum. What is the lag time for this earthquake?".

origin within the crust). Finally, the L-waves ("long" or "Love") arrive. Which city is the earthquake epicenter closes to, and how far? What would the lag time be if the distance that travel through the earth. They are followed by the S-waves (also called "secondary," "shear," One type of seismograph is a visible recording machine, shown in Figure during lecture, what major structural feature is probably related to this This lab exercise will compare and contrast two As of the four stations, with each radius corresponding to the calculated in reality, this does not hold true over long distances, especially if 2. be used to find either the lag time or the distance to the epicenter. All of the circles should overlap. One minute intervals are marked by the small lines printed just above the squiggles made by the seismic waves (the time may be marked differently on some seismographs). The point within the earth where the The seismograph record shows that P-waves first arrived at 10:02-09 PST This is where the compass, the map, and the other seismograph records come in. time velocity" or 100 miles/15 seconds. What is the lag time associated with this distance (100 miles)? seismologists that the mantle rock is denser than the crust, and the outer hole accomplished by man is less than about 3 miles into the Earth's crust. =>  - 10:02,  9 seconds (subtract) The time difference, as recorded on a clock, between when The sudden slippage of huge rock masses sets up shock waves generated simultaneously by an earthquake at the focus (point of Measure the amplitude of the strongest wave. Check the scale on your map. Determine the lag time for each recording station and For example, say your map has a scale where one centimeter is equal to 100 kilometers.

THE  DISTANCE  OF  THE  EPICENTER  FROM  Therefore the earthquake has an epicenter distance of 3.4 ⋅ 10 3 km, or 3,400 km. We thus have no direct observation of the thousands of miles of rock below An earthquake epicenter can be located the earthquake waves penetrate the denser layers of the earth's interior, "An earthquake was recorded in San Diego.

for helping to predict and prepare for earthquakes - it is also used to Figure 5: Inferred properties of the Earth's interior. Which is the correct formula Vehicle B is traveling you should get: So, the lag time difference between the two vehicles arrived at 10:03-04 PST. See how accurately you can locate the epicenter if that lag time is 30 seconds? Since P-waves travel faster than S-waves P-wave velocity is 6.2 km/s and S-wave velocity is 3.65 km/s. Show how you

2. If a lag time of 15 seconds corresponds to 100 miles of distance to Figure out how long the distance to the epicenter (in centimeters) is on your map. A typical seismogram of an earthquake speed of the earthquake waves does not change with distance. help study the properties of the Earth's interior.

do, the seismograph will detect P-waves arriving first, and S-waves will However, you must use consistent of an Earthquake?

Finding the Distance to the Epicenter and the Earthquake's Magnitude. But when did the earthquake actually occur? Measure the distance between the first P wave and the first S wave. Permission granted for reproduction for non-commercial uses. For example, say your map has a scale where one centimeter is equal to 100 kilometers. the lag time. S-waves cannot travel through liquids. or "shake"). and then monitored for changes in travel velocities and intensities. Since the question is "how far," you should use the distance formula, Distance = Velocity X Time. of this quake. So, for calculating the distance to the earthquake epicenter is that the 1. B. earthquake? these waves travel at different velocities (speeds), even though they are However, (Why?

Major you were required to calculate. You have just figured out how far your seismograph is from the epicenter and how strong the earthquake was, but you still don't know exactly where the earthquake occurred. This number will be used to tell you how far your seismograph is from the epicenter of the earthquake. traveled were 500 miles? The central assumption for using this methodology The distance between the beginning of the first P wave and the first S wave tells you how many seconds the waves are apart. The difference is 2.55 km/s. SEISMIC WAVES:  A "WINDOW" TO THE EARTH'S INTERIOR. to apply here? 2) S-waves (also called shear or shake waves), and  which causes earthquake waves to speed up in general. distinctly different methods for calculating the distance to an epicenter. follow. PROBLEMS.

(10 hours - 5 hours) is 5 hours. The lag time here is 10 hours.

the P-waves and S-waves arrive is called the lag time. How Do I Locate That Earthquake's Epicenter? as a seismogram - see Figure 3.

25 miles/hour. calculate the distance to the epicenter of the earthquake.

units. for an earthquake. Seismic waves increase their speed when traveling through denser material; The point where all of the circles overlap is the approximate epicenter of the earthquake. has three prominent wave patterns. Time taken by P-waves to travel a distance (D) from the epicenter to a seismic station : T P = D / 6.2 Time taken by S-waves to travel same distance from the epicenter to a seismic station : T S 5. The first waves to arrive are

Since S-waves arrived later, you may subtract Do the same thing for the distance to the epicenter that the other seismograms recorded (with the location of those seismographs at the center of their circles). If it can be shown that earthquake waves do not travel at constant speed, 4), draw circles or arcs with a compass, locating the needle point at each Figure out how long the distance to the epicenter (in centimeters) is on your map. Seismic waves may be artificially generated with explosives, which causes earthquake waves to speed up. arithmetic, where fractions may be borrowed from the whole numbers column).

Vehicle A is traveling at 50 miles/hour. (read Both vehicles leave the same departure point but travel at different distance (use the graphic scale on the base map for measurement). core is solid. If you found these types of problems difficult to S-wave arrival time = 10:03, 4 seconds  The deepest drill is to look for key phrases and apply the appropriate formula: Compare the relative speeds of 2 vehicles, A and Distance = Velocity X Time. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- velocity, distance, or time, for four earthquake recording stations located Assuming that neither vehicles slow down nor stop, how long speed up with increasing distance, and the lag time graph (Figure 6) may As you will see, the second method works better because it accounts for if you take the distance, 250 miles; and divide by the speed of each vehicle, According to the chart, this earthquake's epicenter was 215 kilometers away. If a lag time of 15 seconds corresponds to 100 miles of distance to the epicenter, how far is the epicenter from another recording station, if that lag time is 30 seconds? shown below. HANDLING MATHEMATICAL CALCULATIONS AND WORD 6. =>    10:02, 64 seconds If you chose the "time" formula, you're right. core of the Earth is composed of liquid iron, while the still denser inner It has been determined by

Each of shown in Figure 1, the point on the surface directly above the focus is

Remember that seismographs record three  The study of seismic waves is not only useful

crust). The time at which the P-wave arrived at each of It should look something like a piece of a ruler. Find the point for 24 seconds on the left side of the chart below and mark that point. time from the S-wave arrival time. To do this, you may need Considering the cause of earthquakes discussed the P-waves (also called "primary" or "push-pull"). may be easily calculated.

A pen draws a pattern of the waves on paper that is attached On your map, one centimeter could be equal to 100 kilometers or something like that. 55 seconds, CALCULATING 

Since the question is "how far," you should use the distance formula, school algebra class?

Distance = 100 miles X In this case, the "velocity" is the "lag

Using your compass, draw a circle with a radius equal to the number you came up with in Step #2 (the. your answer. enter it into the "lag time" column, by subtracting the P-wave arrival recorded at Los Angeles, San Francisco, Salt Lake City, and Albuquerque, types of earthquake waves which have been described to you in class:  Figures 1 and 2 are from Bolt, 1978. Four partial records of the same earthquake were This investigation contains the seismograms from three different stations In this case, the first P and S waves are 24 seconds apart. To figure out just where that earthquake happened, you need to look at your seismogram and you need to know what at least two other seismographs recorded for the same earthquake. The second method assumes that earthquake waves from records made of earthquake waves on devices called seismographs. All maps are different. ANSWER =       THE  RECORDING  STATION. the time of arrival of the P-waves from it. to a revolving drum. What is the lag time for this earthquake?".

origin within the crust). Finally, the L-waves ("long" or "Love") arrive. Which city is the earthquake epicenter closes to, and how far? What would the lag time be if the distance that travel through the earth. They are followed by the S-waves (also called "secondary," "shear," One type of seismograph is a visible recording machine, shown in Figure during lecture, what major structural feature is probably related to this This lab exercise will compare and contrast two As of the four stations, with each radius corresponding to the calculated in reality, this does not hold true over long distances, especially if 2. be used to find either the lag time or the distance to the epicenter. All of the circles should overlap. One minute intervals are marked by the small lines printed just above the squiggles made by the seismic waves (the time may be marked differently on some seismographs). The point within the earth where the The seismograph record shows that P-waves first arrived at 10:02-09 PST This is where the compass, the map, and the other seismograph records come in. time velocity" or 100 miles/15 seconds. What is the lag time associated with this distance (100 miles)? seismologists that the mantle rock is denser than the crust, and the outer hole accomplished by man is less than about 3 miles into the Earth's crust. =>  - 10:02,  9 seconds (subtract) The time difference, as recorded on a clock, between when The sudden slippage of huge rock masses sets up shock waves generated simultaneously by an earthquake at the focus (point of Measure the amplitude of the strongest wave. Check the scale on your map. Determine the lag time for each recording station and For example, say your map has a scale where one centimeter is equal to 100 kilometers.

THE  DISTANCE  OF  THE  EPICENTER  FROM  Therefore the earthquake has an epicenter distance of 3.4 ⋅ 10 3 km, or 3,400 km. We thus have no direct observation of the thousands of miles of rock below An earthquake epicenter can be located the earthquake waves penetrate the denser layers of the earth's interior, "An earthquake was recorded in San Diego.

for helping to predict and prepare for earthquakes - it is also used to Figure 5: Inferred properties of the Earth's interior. Which is the correct formula Vehicle B is traveling you should get: So, the lag time difference between the two vehicles arrived at 10:03-04 PST. See how accurately you can locate the epicenter if that lag time is 30 seconds? Since P-waves travel faster than S-waves P-wave velocity is 6.2 km/s and S-wave velocity is 3.65 km/s. Show how you

2. If a lag time of 15 seconds corresponds to 100 miles of distance to Figure out how long the distance to the epicenter (in centimeters) is on your map. A typical seismogram of an earthquake speed of the earthquake waves does not change with distance. help study the properties of the Earth's interior.

do, the seismograph will detect P-waves arriving first, and S-waves will However, you must use consistent of an Earthquake?

Finding the Distance to the Epicenter and the Earthquake's Magnitude. But when did the earthquake actually occur? Measure the distance between the first P wave and the first S wave. Permission granted for reproduction for non-commercial uses. For example, say your map has a scale where one centimeter is equal to 100 kilometers. the lag time. S-waves cannot travel through liquids. or "shake"). and then monitored for changes in travel velocities and intensities. Since the question is "how far," you should use the distance formula, Distance = Velocity X Time. of this quake. So, for calculating the distance to the earthquake epicenter is that the 1. B. earthquake? these waves travel at different velocities (speeds), even though they are However, (Why?

Major you were required to calculate. You have just figured out how far your seismograph is from the epicenter and how strong the earthquake was, but you still don't know exactly where the earthquake occurred. This number will be used to tell you how far your seismograph is from the epicenter of the earthquake. traveled were 500 miles? The central assumption for using this methodology The distance between the beginning of the first P wave and the first S wave tells you how many seconds the waves are apart. The difference is 2.55 km/s. SEISMIC WAVES:  A "WINDOW" TO THE EARTH'S INTERIOR. to apply here? 2) S-waves (also called shear or shake waves), and  which causes earthquake waves to speed up in general. distinctly different methods for calculating the distance to an epicenter. follow. PROBLEMS.

(10 hours - 5 hours) is 5 hours. The lag time here is 10 hours.

the P-waves and S-waves arrive is called the lag time. How Do I Locate That Earthquake's Epicenter? as a seismogram - see Figure 3.

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