[137] Spotted hyenas may act as hosts in the life-cycles of various parasites which start life in herbivores; Taenia hyaenae and T. olnogojinae occur in hyenas in their adult phase.
Experienced hyenas even helped inexperienced clan-mates to solve the problem. [14] Another theory is that it is an adaptation to the length of time it takes for cubs to develop their massive skulls and jaws, thus necessitating greater attention and dominating behaviours from females. Bushbuck, suni and buffalo are the dominant prey items in the Aberdare Mountains, while Grant's gazelle, gerenuk, sheep, goats and cattle are likely preyed upon in northern Kenya. There are records of some male leopards preying on hyenas.
[10][13] In this latter trait, the spotted hyena further show parallels with primates by acquiring rank through coalition. They are occasionally killed in communal and commercial farming areas. [85] Females generally give birth at the communal den or a private birth den. In contrast to the striped hyena, the ears of the spotted hyena are rounded rather than pointed. [108] Spotted hyenas do not require much water, and typically only spend 30 seconds drinking. [64] Spotted hyena milk has the highest protein and fat content of any terrestrial carnivore. Mightyena is a quadruped Pokémon that is based on a hyena. The spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), also known as the laughing hyena,[3] is a hyena species, currently classed as the sole extant member of the genus Crocuta, native to sub-Saharan Africa. [82] Females are very protective of their cubs, and will not tolerate other adults, particularly males, approaching them. * laugh like + a hyena = reírse como una hiena. When attacked by other hyenas or by wild dogs, the hyena lowers its hindquarters. Clan boundaries are usually respected; hyenas chasing prey have been observed to stop dead in their tracks once their prey crosses into another clan's range. One study in northern Kenya revealed that 90% of all cases of livestock predation by hyenas occurred in areas outside the protection of thorn fences.
[17] Unlike the grey wolf, the spotted hyena relies more on sight than smell when hunting, and does not follow its prey's prints or travel in single file. These illustrations were largely based on the descriptions given by Aristotle and Pliny, though the animals have no spots or other bodily markings, thus making it unlikely that the authors had ever seen hyenas first-hand.
When a witch acquires a hyena mount, he rides it to distant lands in order to bewitch victims and return safely home before morning. Why is spoken English often spoken so slow by native speakers compared to many other languages? They are protected inside national parks, but are not tolerated elsewhere. [39] The now extinct Eurasian populations were distinguished from the modern African populations by their shorter distal extremities and longer humerus and femur. [9] It has been theorised that female dominance in spotted hyena clans could be an adaptation in order to successfully compete with males on kills, and thus ensure that enough milk is produced for their cubs. [19], During the 15th and 16th centuries, travellers to Africa provided further descriptions of the species. Japanese: Either ハイエナ （Haiena) or 鬣犬 （Tategami inu). The earliest migration of spotted hyenas from Africa to Eurasia began less than 3.5 million years ago, most probably from the area where the first spotted hyena fossils were discovered, reaching East Asia and most likely also Pakistan. Burkina Faso's hyenas are depleted in number because of hunting, poaching and declining prey populations. The third spotted hyena migration took place 0.36 million years ago, starting from the northern African population and reaching both Europe and Asia. The description given by Pennant was precise enough to be included by Johann Erxleben in his Systema regni animalis by simply translating Pennant's text into Latin. [89] Lions typically ignore spotted hyenas, unless they are on a kill or are being harassed by them. An intruder can be accepted into another clan after a long period of time if it persists in wandering into the clan's territory, dens or kills. Gogo folklore links the spotted hyena to the origin of death; in one tale, the hyena prevents humanity from achieving immortality, thus ensuring it can continue to eat corpses. Lv 6. However, rank reversals and overthrows in spotted hyena clans are very rare. The spotted hyena is the most carnivorous member of the Hyaenidae. [32][33] The ancestors of the spotted hyena probably developed social behaviours in response to increased pressure from other predators on carcasses, which forced them to operate in teams. Hyenas will however ignore clan boundaries in times of food shortage. [153] According to the doctrine of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, hyenas are unclean animals which represent sexual deviancy and lawlessness. [106] This mostly occurs during the nighttime, when hyenas are bolder. A corpse rejected by hyenas is seen as having something wrong with it, and liable to cause social disgrace, therefore it is not uncommon for bodies to be covered in fat and blood from a slaughtered ox. A painting from the Chauvet Cave depicts a hyena outlined and represented in profile, with two legs, with its head and front part with well distinguishable spotted coloration pattern. The role of the spotted hyena mask in their rituals is often to turn the neophyte into a complete moral being by integrating his male principles with femininity. These illustrations were largely based on the descriptions given by Aristotle and Pliny, though the animals have no spots or other bodily markings, thus making it unlikely that the authors had ever seen hyenas first-hand. At one point in their evolution, spotted hyenas developed sharp carnassials behind their crushing premolars; this rendered waiting for their prey to die no longer a necessity, as is the case for brown and striped hyenas, and thus became pack hunters as well as scavengers. It is typical for females to remain with their natal clan (although there have been rare instance of them dispersing[62]), thus large clans usually contain several matrilines, whereas males typically disperse from their natal clan at the age of 2½ years.
[63][80] Cubs will nurse from their mother for 12–16 months, though they can process solid food as early as three months. [47], The spotted hyena is the largest extant member of the Hyaenidae. After giving birth, the pseudo-penis is stretched, and loses many of its original aspects; it becomes a slack-walled and reduced prepuce with an enlarged orifice with split lips. Some 40 of the animals were reportedly seen alongside a fence bordering the British Embassy compound. Pliny the Elder supported Aristotle's depiction, though he further elaborated that the hyena can imitate human voices. In 1551, Swiss naturalist Conrad Gesner rejected the belief of the hyena's hermaphroditism, and theorised that it originated from confusion over an androgynous fish bearing the same name. The loud "who-oop" call, along with the maniacal laughter, are among the most recognisable sounds of Africa. Kurtén, Björn (1988) On evolution and fossil mammals, Columbia University Press, pp. [7] European Paleolithic rock art depicting the species indicates that the Eurasian populations retained the spots of their modern-day African counterparts.
[139], Historically, the spotted hyena was widespread throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. In Dorze tradition, the highest Demuṣa-priests have the ability to control hyenas, and will send them to punish defaulting debtors.
[78] This neonatal siblicide kills an estimated 25% of all hyenas in their first month. In Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire and Senegal, the animals' whole body is harvested for bushmeat and medicine. [63] High-ranking hyenas maintain their position through aggression directed against lower-ranking clan-members. [65] Environmental factors include rainfall and prey abundance; individual factors include preference to bond with females and with kin; and topological effects include the tendency to close triads in the network. [162] Victims of spotted hyenas tend to be women, children and sick or infirm men,[163] and there are numerous cases of biologists in Africa being forced up trees in order to escape them. [35], The spotted hyena has a strong and well developed neck and forequarters, but relatively underdeveloped hindquarters. A soft, very low pitched growling sound which lasts several seconds. [108] Spotted hyenas do not require much water, and typically only spend 30 seconds drinking. [70] Females usually favour younger males born or joined into the clan after they were born. Brown hyenas encounter spotted hyenas in the Kalahari, where the brown outnumber the spotted. Experienced hyenas even helped inexperienced clan-mates to solve the problem. [19], During the 15th and 16th centuries, travellers to Africa provided further descriptions of the species. Spotted hyenas in Zambia tend to be heavier, with males weighing on average 67.6 kg (149 lb), and females 69.2 kg (153 lb). [173] Further difficulties in killing spotted hyenas with dogs include the species' thick skin, which prevents dogs from inflicting serious damage to the animal's muscles.[174]. Its preferred habitats in west Africa include the Guinea and Sudan savannahs, and is absent in the belt of dense coastal forest. Can You Suggest some translator agency for translate language? Also, many captive individuals have not been closely examined to confirm their sexes, thus resulting in non-breeding pairs often turning out to be same-sexed individuals. It is typical for females to remain with their natal clan (although there have been rare instance of them dispersing[62]), thus large clans usually contain several matrilines, whereas males typically disperse from their natal clan at the age of 2½ years. [179] If not raised with adult members of their kind, captive spotted hyenas will exhibit scent marking behaviours much later in life than wild specimens. [88] When hunting Thomson's gazelles, spotted hyenas usually operate alone, and prey primarily on young fawns.
Gogo folklore links the spotted hyena to the origin of death; in one tale, the hyena prevents humanity from achieving immortality, thus ensuring it can continue to eat corpses. Although individual spotted hyenas only care for their own young, and males take no part in raising their young, cubs are able to identify relatives as distantly related as great-aunts. [19] After the release of The Lion King, hyena biologists protested against the animal's portrayal: one hyena researcher sued Disney studios for defamation of character,[157] and another – who had organized the animators' visit to the University of California's Field Station for Behavioural Research, where they would observe and sketch captive hyenas[19] – suggested boycotting the film. [91], Spotted hyenas usually hunt wildebeest either singly, or in groups of two or three.
In contrast, chimps and other primates often require extensive training, and cooperation between individuals is not always as easy for them. The spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), also known as the laughing hyena,[3] is a hyena species, currently classed as the sole extant member of the genus Crocuta, native to sub-Saharan Africa. It has large round eyes and short, rounded ears which are set far from each other. [81] Mothers do not regurgitate food for their young.
[150] In the Mtwara Region of Tanzania, it is believed that a child born at night while a hyena is crying will likely grow up to be a thief. Also, males associate more closely with their own daughters rather than unrelated cubs, and the latter favor their fathers by acting less aggressively toward them. Harvey, Martin and Mills, M. G. L. (October 2001) "Spotted Hyaena versus Brown Hyaena, Skirmishes in the Desert". The limbs are spotted, though the feet vary in colour, from light brown to blackish. Dens are used mostly by several females at once, and it is not uncommon to see up to 20 cubs at a single site.
[53][54] The pseudo-penis can be distinguished from the males' genitalia by its somewhat shorter length, greater thickness, and more rounded glans.
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