The Great Altar was constructed during the reign of Eumenes II (see above) and has a surface area of some 36 by 34 metres. This era was marked by a great deal of progress, particularly in the field of art. Lysimachus was immersed in the military conflicts following the division of Alexander’s empire, and in 282 BCE, he was on his way to confront Seleucus, the ruler of the Greco-Macedonian administration of Babylon. Hellenistic art is the art of the Hellenistic period generally taken to begin with the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and end with the conquest of the Greek world by the Romans, a process well underway by 146 BCE, when the Greek mainland was taken, and essentially ending in 30 BCE with the conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt following the Battle of Actium.
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…Athena Nicephorus; and the great altar of Zeus with its richly decorated frieze, a masterpiece of Hellenistic art.
0000019724 00000 n 120 0 obj Written by Cristian Violatti, published on 14 June 2015 under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. 115 0 obj How is the Dying Gallic Trumpeter typical of Greek Hellenistic period art? His nephew Eumenes I became the ruler of Pergamon: by that time the city had expanded into a small kingdom. Last modified June 14, 2015. We have also been recommended for educational use by the following publications: Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. By this time, Pergamon was no more than a deteriorated ten-hectare city, a pale reflection of its former self. 111 0 obj The Ancient History Encyclopedia logo is a registered EU trademark. The atrium of early Christian architecture and the cloister were isolated areas for prayer. Pergamon reached the height of its influence during the Hellenistic period, becoming the capital of the Attalid kings. Ptolemy IV, the Greek ruler of Egypt, was not happy with the idea of another library challenging Alexandria, so he forbade the export of papyri from Egypt to prevent the development of the library in Pergamon. 112 0 obj It also had a great collection of paintings for public enjoyment. This is believed to be just ten percent of the total for the entire library. Pergamon was an ancient city located in the Anatolia region, approximately 25 kilometres from the Aegean Sea in present-day Bergama, Izmir Province of Turkey.The city had great strategic value, since it overlooked the Caicus River Valley (modern name Bakırçay) which provided access from Pergamon to the Aegean coast. 0000001617 00000 n 0000005941 00000 n <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> At this time it is not clear how large the population was, but the archaeological evidence suggests that there was room for no more than 10,000 people. Eumenes II succeeded Attalus I and he ruled Pergamon from 197 BCE to 159 BCE. %PDF-1.7 %���� startxref The Gigantomachy frieze from the Pergamon Altar is a good example of the height of Hellenistic sculptural art. The city had great strategic value, since it overlooked the Caicus River Valley (modern name Bakırçay) which provided access from Pergamon to the Aegean coast. 119 0 obj endobj This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. xref
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Ancient History Encyclopedia, 14 Jun 2015. 0000008644 00000 n Things got worse in 262 CE due to an earthquake and after that the city was sacked by the Goths. https://www.ancient.eu/pergamon/. 142 0 obj 0000004749 00000 n It offers us a varied and wide array of figures that are certain to be from the same time period, eliminating the problem of dating that is often an issue for Greek art (due to Roman copies of earlier works). Books H��S�j�0}�W��{�$�&C)4��#?0h;:�:�����N�M 0000003430 00000 n Violatti, C. (2015, June 14). "Pergamon." Following years of unrest, the city became part of the territory controlled by Lysimachus, one of the Macedonian generals. Inspired by the rich lessons of history, Cristian's goal is to stimulate ideas and to spark the intellectual curiosity of his audience. Reconstruction of the Pergamon Altarby Raimond Spekking (CC BY-NC-SA). The Romans finally evicted the Persians and Emperor Constants II (641-668 CE) limited himself to fortifying the acropolis. Considered a masterpiece of the Hellenistic Age, this ancient Greek structure was shipped to Berlin in 1910, and the museum was built, in part, to house it. Pergamon was an ancient city located in the Anatolia region, approximately 25 kilometres from the Aegean Sea in present-day Bergama, Izmir Province of Turkey. 0000001759 00000 n Announcing our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! During the time of Attalus III (r. 138-133 BCE), Pergamon was handed over to the Roman republic to be fully managed by the Roman people and the kingdom was transformed into the Roman province of Asia with Pergamon as its initial capital. The arrival of Christianity saw further change as the buildings which had honoured the pagan gods were no longer considered desirable. License. The treaty of Apamea Kibotos. The altar was excavated and taken stone by stone to Berlin where it was reassembled in its own museum. The Great Altar at Pergamon is typical of the anti-Classical Greek Hellenistic style due to its
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%%EOF Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization. endstream This new scenario did, though, turn Pergamon into a middle-ranking kingdom and Eumenes truly wealthy. "Pergamon."
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Philatauerus appropriated the money and declared his independence, but in order to avoid unnecessary risks, he wisely swore loyalty to Seleucus and Pergamon became part of the Seleucid Empire. This ArtHearty post chronicles the features and achievements of Hellenistic art. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University and Michigan State University and University of Missouri. Philatauerus is usually mentioned as the founder of the ruling dynasty of Pergamon, but it was actually the ruler after Eumenes, Attalus I (r. 241-197 BCE), who was the official founder of the Attalid dynasty as he was the first one who used the title of king. During the second half of the 3rd century CE Pergamon started to decline. Many communities in Anatolia had suffered Galatian attacks who even managed to penetrate the city walls of Pergamon. 0000004296 00000 n 0000020413 00000 n Pergamon was now the capital of the most powerful kingdom in Anatolia. h�b```b``Q``e`��� Ā B@1v����iW�d;8~0>shx���d5i��u�в�X=;�}ʚ�)KNm �X_,�*��|zƦ���a݂�E�M[^M�H+�rQ���n�dq�);�F�z��h����Q�C��7��V:~}��嵘��]0A�g>��*�\�����j=3c~ܔO"�~;\��. Despite these changes, urban life did continue.
0000003155 00000 n This military success was the background for the creation of the famous Dying Gaul sculpture which depicts a wounded Galatian warrior. 0000007344 00000 n As a result, the authorities of Pergamon encouraged the mass production of “parchment” (treated skins of sheep and calves), which had long been used for writing purposes in the East. 0000005568 00000 n The archaeological site of Pergamon has provided many fine works of Hellenistic and Roman art but perhaps the most impressive is the altar which now resides in the Pergamon Museum in Berlin. Hellenistic Art: History, Facts, and Characteristics. Retrieved from https://www.ancient.eu/pergamon/. ;9kK�F'3�˫��* ��s����� as��W)�|�����}��A�INu@މ ]k>�rGZ�����o]����J�ye/�5��|�=l�S���]`��V~�Z��XM��R�V��+�np[y���z��P� 䱸���p� 2)!00�H�*�&(lU�lr%�`{���Hdl�9�@�g -�n`1pZ��|������_�0$4H}`}���~@�� S.C����/+�z�5�Ʒ����:1d80^`ra�Ƞ|@@�%����ԁ��I�Ay�>��g0p`����Ɍ!Ɓ��m C6�%���V�����K���w0tK��003X����R�mҜ�й��į�E� p�p
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